About Cyprus

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Geography

Cyprus is the third largest island in the Mediterranean, after Sicily and Sardinia, with an area of 9.251 sq. kms (3.572 sq. miles).

It is situated at the north-eastern corner of the Mediterranean, at a distance of 300 km north of Egypt, 90 km west of Syria, and 60 km south of Turkey. The Greek island of Rhodes lies 360 km to the north-west.

Cyprus' coastal line is indented and rocky in the north with long sandy beaches in the south. The north coastal plain, covered with olive and carob trees, is backed by the steep and narrow Pentadaktylos mountain range of limestone, rising to a height of 1.042 m. In the south, the extensive mountain massif of Troodos, covered with pine, dwarf oak, cypress and cedar, culminates in the peak of Mount Olympus, 1.953 m. above sea level. Between ther Troodos range and the Pentadaktylos mountain range lies the fertile plain of Messaoria. Arable land constitutes 46.8 percent of the total area of the island. There are no rivers, only torrents which flow after heavy rain.

Demography

Population

According to the final results of the 2011 Population Census, the total population recorded in the unoccupied areas was 840.407. It has been estimated, based on the coverage survey check conducted after the census, that a rate of 1,93% were not recorded (absent, not declared, not responded etc.), bringing the population to 856.960 on October 1, 2011 compared to 703.529 in 2001.

According to a 2012 unofficial estimation, the population of the Turkish Cypriot community is around 90,000, the majority of whom reside at the northern part of the island, occupied by Turkish forces.

The language of the Greek Cypriot community is Greek and the community adheres predominantly to the Autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Cyprus. The language of the Turkish Cypriot community is Turkish and the members of the community are Sunni Muslims.

Cypriots and foreign residents

The population of non-Cypriot nationals has significantly increased. Foreigners who have their habitual residence in Cyprus, i.e. those who reside in Cyprus for at least one year, represent the 20.3% of the recorded population, reaching 170.383 from 64.811 (9.4% of total the population) that was in 2001.

Foreign nationals by country (major countries)

Regarding the population recorded by country of citizenship, the majority of the foreign nationals come from Greece (29.321), the UK (24 046), Romania (23.706), Bulgaria (18.536), the Philippines (9.413), Russia (8.164), Sri Lanka (7.269), Vietnam (7.028), Syria (3.054) and many other countries.

Foreign nationals by district

With regard to the district where foreign nationals reside in Cyprus, the Census showed the following:

Nicosia District: Most foreign nationals permanently residing in Nicosia come from Romania (10.208), Greece (8732), Bulgaria (6223), the Philippines (5248), Georgia (4398) and the United Kingdom (4249).

Limassol District: Most foreign nationals permanently residing in Limassol come from the United Kingdom (7.873), Romania (6.603), Russia (4.580), Bulgaria (4.247) and Greece (4529).

Larnaca District: Most foreign nationals permanently residing in Larnaca come from the United Kingdom (6.707), Romania (4.170), Bulgaria (3.639) and Greece (2.993).

Paphos District: Most foreign nationals Paphos permanent residents from the United Kingdom (9.627), Georgia (4.260), Bulgaria (2.922), Romania (2.766), Greece (1.977) and Russia (1.931).

Famagusta District: Most foreign nationals permanently residing in Famagusta come from the United Kingdom (3.039), Bulgaria (2.253) and Romania (785).

History

The history of Cyprus is one of the oldest recorded in the world and its historical significance is disproportionate to its small size. The first signs of cilivisation date to the ninth millennium B.C. The earliest known foreign settlements on the island were mainly of Phoenicians and Greeks, with Phoenician culture dominating the island's eastern and southern parts.

As a strategic location in the Middle East, it was subsequently occupied by several major powers, including the empires of the Assyrians, Egyptians and Persians, from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great and at which point Greek culture began to dominate. Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt, the Roman Empire, the Byzantines, Arab caliphates for a short period, the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians, was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman control. Cyprus was placed under British administration in 1878 until it was granted independence in 1960.

On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by the Greek military junta, an action which precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, which led to the capture of nearly 40% of the island's territory by Turkey and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate state, the so-called 'Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus' was declared in 1983 in the north which is recognised only by Turkey. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces and this occupation is viewed as illegal under international law.

These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute and several rounds of intercommunal talks between the island's two main communities (Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots) have been held at various stages in order to resolve the "Cyprus Problem", but they have not led to any positive development.

On 1 May 2004, the Republic of Cyprus became a member of the European Union and on 1 January 2008, joined the Eurozone.

Cypriot Flag

The flag of the Republic of Cyprus was defined in 1960 when Cyprus became an independent sovereign state.

The background is white with a copper-coloured (pantone 1385 C) silhouette of the map of Cyprus in the centre of the flag above two crossed olive-green-coloured (pantone 574 C) olive branches. The copper colour has a dual symbolism: first, the name of the island is said to derive from an ancient word for copper (Eteocypriot or Sumerian); and second, copper is closely associated with Cyprus since antiquity when the island became a major producer and supplier of this mineral resource. The olive branches are symbols of peace.

Climate

Cyprus has a Mediterranean climate: hot, dry summers from June to September and mild, wet winters from November to March, which are separated by short Autumn and Spring seasons. Sunshine is abundant during the whole year, particularly from April to September when the daily average exceeds eleven hours. Winds are on the whole light to moderate. Gales are very infrequent and heavy storms rare.

Snow hardly falls in the lowlands and on the northern range, but is a frequent feature every winter on ground above 1.000 metres in the Troodos range. During the coldest months it lies in considerable depth for several weeks, attracting skiers.

Food and Drink

The food of Cyprus reflects the rich and turbulent history of the island and its indelible Greek culture. You will find tastes influenced by the Middle East, Asia Minor and the Venetians, all using fresh local ingredients, herbs and spices and olive oil. The Mediterranean diet, with its grains and pulses, sun-ripened fresh fruit and vegetables, high-protein fish, lean meat and poultry and wine is a healthy option.

Cyprus has a long tradition in winemaking that goes back over 4,000 years. In ancient times wine was a major source of wealth for the island. The island supplied the Pharaohs of Egypt and Cyprus wines were in great demand amongst the ancient Greeks and Romans.

Commandaria is acknowledged to be the oldest wine in the world and was probably the first to be given an 'Appellation d'Origin'(label of geographical origin). Legend says that Commandaria was originally made for Richard the Lionheart and the Crusaders. The dessert wine, which has a taste not unlike sweet sherry, has been made using the same method for hundreds of years. The grapes are picked late, dried in the sun to enhance their sugar content and then pressed. The run-off is collected and fermented in tanks or in huge earthen ware jars. The sweet wine of Cyprus became known throughout Europe under the name Commandaria depicting its geographical origin "Commandarie" which was the name given to the land owned by the Knights Templar and later the Knights of St. John.

More general information about Cyprus can be found on the FAQ page of this website and detailed information at www.aboutcyprus.org.cy.