Architectural InfluencesNicosia

From ancient times to the present day, Nicosia’s buildings tell the story of the civilizations that have left their mark on this resilient city. Let’s embark on a journey through the ages to explore the evolution of Nicosia’s architecture, focusing on the materials used and the characteristics of a typical classic house.

Ancient and Medieval Architecture

The architectural history of Nicosia can be traced back to its ancient roots. During the Classical and Hellenistic periods, buildings were constructed primarily from locally sourced limestone, a material that was abundant and relatively easy to work with. The use of limestone continued into the Byzantine period, which was characterized by the construction of basilicas and churches with distinctive apses and domes.

As time progressed into the medieval era, Nicosia saw the rise of fortifications, reflecting its growing importance as a significant defensive stronghold. During the Lusignan period (1192–1489), Gothic elements were introduced, most notably in the magnificent St. Sophia Cathedral (now Selimiye Mosque). The Lusignans continued the tradition of using limestone to construct grand castles and churches, successfully blending the Gothic style with Nicosia’s architectural traditions.

The Venetia Influence

The Venetian period (1489–1571) left a significant mark on Nicosia’s architectural heritage. During this time, the Venetians reinforced the city’s defenses by constructing the formidable city walls, which still encircle the old town today.

Notably, these walls, built from sandstone and limestone, featured eleven heart-shaped bastions and three main gates, seamlessly combining military functionality with Renaissance aesthetics.

Ottoman Period

When the Ottomans took control of Nicosia in 1571, they introduced elements of Islamic architecture. Specifically, the Ottomans converted existing churches into mosques and built new ones, such as the Arabahmet Mosque. During this period, while local stone continued to be the primary building material, the architectural style began to incorporate features like domes, minarets, and courtyards.

Furthermore, a typical Ottoman-era house in Nicosia was characterized by its inward-looking design, with an emphasis on privacy. These houses often featured an inner courtyard, surrounded by rooms and shaded by wooden verandas. Additionally, the use of timber and adobe bricks, along with stone, provided both insulation and aesthetic appeal.

British Colonial Period

The British colonial period (1878–1960) brought new architectural influences to Nicosia. During this time, British architects introduced neoclassical and Victorian styles, which were subsequently adapted to the local climate and materials. Consequently, public buildings, such as the Cyprus Museum and the Paphos Gate Police Station, were constructed using a combination of limestone and imported materials like brick and iron.

Similarly, residential architecture during this period often featured high ceilings, large windows, and verandas, reflecting the British colonial style while accommodating the Mediterranean climate. As a result, houses were built with stone and plastered walls, providing a blend of durability and elegance.

The Classic Nicosia House

Despite the diverse architectural influences over the centuries, the classic Nicosian house retains certain distinctive features. Typically, these houses are built from local limestone and designed to adapt to the Mediterranean climate. For instance, thick stone walls provide insulation against the heat, while high ceilings and strategically placed windows allow for natural ventilation.

Moreover, a classic Nicosian house often includes a central courtyard, a feature inherited from the Ottoman period. This courtyard serves as the heart of the home, offering a private outdoor space for family activities. Additionally, rooms are arranged around the courtyard, with arched doorways and wooden shutters adding to the aesthetic charm. Finally, the use of terracotta tiles for roofing and decorative ceramic elements further enhances the traditional look.

Nicosia's Architecture
Contemporary

Since the post-independence era, Nicosia has experienced a surge in modern and contemporary architecture. As a result, the cityscape now blends old and new, with sleek glass and steel structures standing alongside historic buildings. Moreover, modern architects frequently incorporate reinforced concrete and steel, enabling innovative designs and the rise of high-rise constructions.

New History Museum

Construction of the new Cyprus Museum, located opposite the House of Representatives where the old Nicosia general hospital once stood, is scheduled for completion in 2026. Theoni Xanthi of XZA Architects, who won a design competition in 2017, is behind the new museum’s design.

This new facility will replace the existing museum, built in 1908 by the British colonial government. It will feature 6,500 antiquities in permanent exhibition spaces and include areas for temporary exhibitions, educational programs, conservation workshops, a library, and an amphitheatre.

Eleftherias Square

Eleftheria Square, redesigned by the acclaimed architect Zaha Hadid, is a significant urban renewal project that transforms the city center into a vibrant public space.

The design includes sleek, flowing lines and futuristic elements that connect the old town with the modern city. The project features pedestrian bridges, green spaces, and public art installations, making it a focal point for social and cultural activities in Nicosia.

Tower 25

Designed by the famous French architect Jean Nouvel, this tower is a striking addition to Nicosia’s skyline. The building’s façade features an intricate pattern of geometric shapes and balconies that create a dynamic interplay of light and shadow.

This high-rise structure not only provides luxury residential spaces but also includes retail and office areas, epitomizing modern urban living.

UCY Library

The library at the University of Cyprus, designed by the renowned architect Jean Nouvel, is a masterpiece of contemporary architecture.

The building features a striking, curved design with a green roof that blends seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. Inside, the library boasts state-of-the-art facilities, including digital research tools and expansive reading areas, making it a hub for academic excellence and innovation.

WarGaming HQs

The 13-story building was designed by the talented Mr. Zenon Zenonos and executed by A. Panayides Contracting Ltd.

This project posed a significant challenge, and all collaborators deserve immense praise for their zeal and diligence in completing it efficiently and effectively.

The building features a variety of panel surfaces, including both inclined and curved sections and it is considered as a jewel of Nicosia’s architecture.

Town Hall

The Nicosia New Town Hall is a stunning example of contemporary civic architecture. Designed by the architectural firm Theo. David Architects, the new town hall is a modern complex that harmonizes functionality with aesthetic appeal. Located in the heart of the city, the building features clean lines, large glass facades, and an open plaza that invites public interaction.

The use of sustainable materials and energy-efficient systems highlights Nicosia’s commitment to green architecture and urban sustainability. The design blends modernity with elements of traditional Cypriot architecture, creating a landmark that respects the past while looking towards the future.

Labs Tower

The iconic Labs Tower in Nicosia has been honored with the Leading Architectural Project Award at the 2nd Cyprus Architecture Awards and designed by Eraclis Papachristou.

The project aimed to design a mixed-use building primarily for office use. With this project, the goal was to enhance the city’s skyline and provide a unique spatial experience for the building’s users, offering them a new visual relationship with the city.