Architectural InfluencesNicosia
From ancient times to the present day, Nicosia’s buildings tell the story of the civilizations that have left their mark on this resilient city. Let’s embark on a journey through the ages to explore the evolution of Nicosia’s architecture, focusing on the materials used and the characteristics of a typical classic house.
The architectural history of Nicosia can be traced back to its ancient roots. During the Classical and Hellenistic periods, buildings were constructed primarily from locally sourced limestone, a material that was abundant and relatively easy to work with. The use of limestone continued into the Byzantine period, which was characterized by the construction of basilicas and churches with distinctive apses and domes.
As time progressed into the medieval era, Nicosia saw the rise of fortifications, reflecting its growing importance as a significant defensive stronghold. During the Lusignan period (1192–1489), Gothic elements were introduced, most notably in the magnificent St. Sophia Cathedral (now Selimiye Mosque). The Lusignans continued the tradition of using limestone to construct grand castles and churches, successfully blending the Gothic style with Nicosia’s architectural traditions.
The Venetian period (1489–1571) left a significant mark on Nicosia’s architectural heritage. During this time, the Venetians reinforced the city’s defenses by constructing the formidable city walls, which still encircle the old town today.
Notably, these walls, built from sandstone and limestone, featured eleven heart-shaped bastions and three main gates, seamlessly combining military functionality with Renaissance aesthetics.
When the Ottomans took control of Nicosia in 1571, they introduced elements of Islamic architecture. Specifically, the Ottomans converted existing churches into mosques and built new ones, such as the Arabahmet Mosque. During this period, while local stone continued to be the primary building material, the architectural style began to incorporate features like domes, minarets, and courtyards.
Furthermore, a typical Ottoman-era house in Nicosia was characterized by its inward-looking design, with an emphasis on privacy. These houses often featured an inner courtyard, surrounded by rooms and shaded by wooden verandas. Additionally, the use of timber and adobe bricks, along with stone, provided both insulation and aesthetic appeal.
The British colonial period (1878–1960) brought new architectural influences to Nicosia. During this time, British architects introduced neoclassical and Victorian styles, which were subsequently adapted to the local climate and materials. Consequently, public buildings, such as the Cyprus Museum and the Paphos Gate Police Station, were constructed using a combination of limestone and imported materials like brick and iron.
Similarly, residential architecture during this period often featured high ceilings, large windows, and verandas, reflecting the British colonial style while accommodating the Mediterranean climate. As a result, houses were built with stone and plastered walls, providing a blend of durability and elegance.
Despite the diverse architectural influences over the centuries, the classic Nicosian house retains certain distinctive features. Typically, these houses are built from local limestone and designed to adapt to the Mediterranean climate. For instance, thick stone walls provide insulation against the heat, while high ceilings and strategically placed windows allow for natural ventilation.
Moreover, a classic Nicosian house often includes a central courtyard, a feature inherited from the Ottoman period. This courtyard serves as the heart of the home, offering a private outdoor space for family activities. Additionally, rooms are arranged around the courtyard, with arched doorways and wooden shutters adding to the aesthetic charm. Finally, the use of terracotta tiles for roofing and decorative ceramic elements further enhances the traditional look.
Nicosia's Architecture
Contemporary
Since the post-independence era, Nicosia has experienced a surge in modern and contemporary architecture. As a result, the cityscape now blends old and new, with sleek glass and steel structures standing alongside historic buildings. Moreover, modern architects frequently incorporate reinforced concrete and steel, enabling innovative designs and the rise of high-rise constructions.
New History Museum
Construction of the new Cyprus Museum, located opposite the House of Representatives where the old Nicosia general hospital once stood, is scheduled for completion in 2026. Theoni Xanthi of XZA Architects, who won a design competition in 2017, is behind the new museum’s design.
This new facility will replace the existing museum, built in 1908 by the British colonial government. It will feature 6,500 antiquities in permanent exhibition spaces and include areas for temporary exhibitions, educational programs, conservation workshops, a library, and an amphitheatre.
Eleftherias Square
Eleftheria Square, redesigned by the acclaimed architect Zaha Hadid, is a significant urban renewal project that transforms the city center into a vibrant public space.
The design includes sleek, flowing lines and futuristic elements that connect the old town with the modern city. The project features pedestrian bridges, green spaces, and public art installations, making it a focal point for social and cultural activities in Nicosia.
Tower 25
Designed by the famous French architect Jean Nouvel, this tower is a striking addition to Nicosia’s skyline. The building’s façade features an intricate pattern of geometric shapes and balconies that create a dynamic interplay of light and shadow.
This high-rise structure not only provides luxury residential spaces but also includes retail and office areas, epitomizing modern urban living.
UCY Library
The library at the University of Cyprus, designed by the renowned architect Jean Nouvel, is a masterpiece of contemporary architecture.
The building features a striking, curved design with a green roof that blends seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. Inside, the library boasts state-of-the-art facilities, including digital research tools and expansive reading areas, making it a hub for academic excellence and innovation.
WarGaming HQs
The 13-story building was designed by the talented Mr. Zenon Zenonos and executed by A. Panayides Contracting Ltd.
This project posed a significant challenge, and all collaborators deserve immense praise for their zeal and diligence in completing it efficiently and effectively.
The building features a variety of panel surfaces, including both inclined and curved sections and it is considered as a jewel of Nicosia’s architecture.
Town Hall
The Nicosia New Town Hall is a stunning example of contemporary civic architecture. Designed by the architectural firm Theo. David Architects, the new town hall is a modern complex that harmonizes functionality with aesthetic appeal. Located in the heart of the city, the building features clean lines, large glass facades, and an open plaza that invites public interaction.
The use of sustainable materials and energy-efficient systems highlights Nicosia’s commitment to green architecture and urban sustainability. The design blends modernity with elements of traditional Cypriot architecture, creating a landmark that respects the past while looking towards the future.
Labs Tower
The iconic Labs Tower in Nicosia has been honored with the Leading Architectural Project Award at the 2nd Cyprus Architecture Awards and designed by Eraclis Papachristou.
The project aimed to design a mixed-use building primarily for office use. With this project, the goal was to enhance the city’s skyline and provide a unique spatial experience for the building’s users, offering them a new visual relationship with the city.
New History Museum
Construction of the new Cyprus Museum, located opposite the House of Representatives where the old Nicosia general hospital once stood, is scheduled for completion in 2026. Theoni Xanthi of XZA Architects, who won a design competition in 2017, is behind the new museum’s design.
This new facility will replace the existing museum, built in 1908 by the British colonial government. It will feature 6,500 antiquities in permanent exhibition spaces and include areas for temporary exhibitions, educational programs, conservation workshops, a library, and an amphitheatre.
Eleftherias Square
Eleftheria Square, redesigned by the acclaimed architect Zaha Hadid, is a significant urban renewal project that transforms the city center into a vibrant public space.
The design includes sleek, flowing lines and futuristic elements that connect the old town with the modern city. The project features pedestrian bridges, green spaces, and public art installations, making it a focal point for social and cultural activities in Nicosia.
Tower 25
Designed by the famous French architect Jean Nouvel, this tower is a striking addition to Nicosia’s skyline. The building’s façade features an intricate pattern of geometric shapes and balconies that create a dynamic interplay of light and shadow.
This high-rise structure not only provides luxury residential spaces but also includes retail and office areas, epitomizing modern urban living.
UCY Library
The library at the University of Cyprus, designed by the renowned architect Jean Nouvel, is a masterpiece of contemporary architecture.
The building features a striking, curved design with a green roof that blends seamlessly into the surrounding landscape. Inside, the library boasts state-of-the-art facilities, including digital research tools and expansive reading areas, making it a hub for academic excellence and innovation.
Local Materials
These materials reflect the island’s rich natural resources and have played a significant role in shaping the distinctive architectural heritage of Cyprus. Traditional Cypriot buildings often feature a combination of these materials, creating structures that are both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
Kafkalla: A type of soft limestone that is easy to work with and has been extensively used in traditional Cypriot architecture, particularly for constructing houses, churches, and public buildings.
Paphos Limestone: Another commonly used limestone, known for its durability and attractive appearance, found in various historical sites, including the Paphos archaeological park.
Sandstone: Abundant in many parts of Cyprus, sandstone has been used for centuries in building structures, including houses, walls, and pavements. It is appreciated for its ease of carving and attractive, earthy tones.
Basalt: Found in the Troodos mountain range, basalt is a hard, volcanic stone used for road construction and in building foundations.
Cedar: The Cyprus cedar, found in the Cedar Valley in the Troodos mountains, is prized for its aromatic and durable wood. It has been used in traditional Cypriot houses and for making furniture.
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Key Partners
- Association
- Universities
Founded in 1981 as a non-profit organization, the Cyprus Architects Association (Σύλλογος Αρχιτεκτόνων Κύπρου) is based in Nicosia. The Association aims to advance architecture as a science and art in Cyprus, ensure the legal protection and professional practice of qualified architects, and foster the development of the building industry for public benefit.
Key Objectives:
- Promote architectural science and art in Cyprus.
- Ensure legal recognition and protection for qualified architects.
- Provide ongoing education and updates on architectural matters.
- Encourage the architect’s role in Cyprus’s scientific, cultural, and artistic evolution.
- Enhance the building industry to safeguard public interest.
- Foster good relationships with related organizations both locally and internationally.
Activities to Achieve Goals:
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- Educational seminars and lectures.
- Liaison with relevant authorities for proposals and recommendations.
- Distribution of informative brochures to members and the public.
- Support educational institutions and architectural events.
- Organize and support architecture-related awards and events.
- Participate in international architectural organizations for knowledge exchange.
- Organize trips and events to improve member relations and public engagement.
- Submit proposals to improve legislation and procedures through expert knowledge.
- Recommend improvements in documents governing the relationships between architects, owners, contractors, and other relevant parties.
| Name | Type | Bachelor | Master | Post doctorate |
| University of Cyprus | Public | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cyprus University of Technology | Public | ✓ | ||
| University of Nicosia | Private | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Frederick University | Private | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| American University | Private | ✓ | ||
| The Cyprus Institute | Public | ✓ | ||
Exploring the CityNicosia
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